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Aristotle's Theory of Substance: Difference between revisions
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Aristotle's Theory of Substance (view source)
Revision as of 14:45, 2 February 2023
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# Form | # Form | ||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! scope="col"| | |||
! scope="col"| Plato | |||
! scope="col"| Aristotle | |||
|- | |||
! scope="row"| being | |||
| idea | |||
| form | |||
|- | |||
! scope="row"| becoming | |||
| receptacle | |||
| matter | |||
|} | |||
Aristotle finds the resolution to the ancient problem of '''''being''''' and '''''becoming''''' within the distinction of the terms matter and form. Plato believes that <u>being is the ideal object</u> found in the other (ideal) world, whereas <u>becoming is the receptacle</u> or material thing down here. | Aristotle finds the resolution to the ancient problem of '''''being''''' and '''''becoming''''' within the distinction of the terms matter and form. Plato believes that <u>being is the ideal object</u> found in the other (ideal) world, whereas <u>becoming is the receptacle</u> or material thing down here. | ||
For Aristotle being and becoming are found in each individual entity. <u>Every substance that there is, contains within it both matter and form</u>. | For Aristotle being and becoming are found in each individual entity. <u>Every substance that there is, contains within it both matter and form</u>. | ||
{{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rSMLb4ZTZIU|||||start=1&end=226&loop=1}} | |||
==Being said vs being in== | ==Being said vs being in== | ||
[[File: Aristotles_Genus_Species_Individual.png|left|300px]] | [[File: Aristotles_Genus_Species_Individual.png|left|300px]] | ||
{|class=wikitable | {|class=wikitable | ||
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|'''Secondary''' | |'''Secondary''' | ||
| Human Animal Mammal ... | | Human Animal Mammal ... | ||
| There is a human; there is an animal. <br>We are talking about one substance (instance) in a variety of different ways.<br>These (e.g., the species he belongs, the genos he belongs etc.) secondary substances exist at higher level of abstraction. | | There is a human; there is an animal. <br>The distinction is between an instance (i.e., an individual) in the kind of groups that it belongs.<br>We are talking about one substance (instance) in a variety of different ways.<br>These (e.g., the species he belongs, the genos he belongs etc.) secondary substances exist at higher level of abstraction. | ||
|} | |} | ||
<hr>'''Being a human exists in virtue of individuals existing'''. | |||
Example 1: The form of a chair exists and depends on its particulars, i.e., the existence of an actual instance of a chair. Thus the form of the chair is real, it exists and '''''it is <u>in</u> the object''''' or immanent; it is present in the object. See [[Immanent Realism]]. | |||
Example 2: There is an animal. This statement is true because there is Socrates, and Socrates is an animal. | |||
In other words we are able to make the claim that there is an animal because we can make the first claim, there is Socrates! | |||